LIPIDS
Triglycerides (Fats)
- Fatty acids form an ester linkage with the hydroxyl group(s) of glycerol. One, two, or three fatty acids can bond with the hydroxyl groups, making a mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride.
Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats
- Saturated Fats
- Hydrogen bonded to all the carbons.
- Solid at room temperature.
- No double bonds/kinks on the carbon chain.
- Animals fats, tropical oils, coconut oil.
- Unsaturated Fats
- One or more double bonds in the carbon chain.
- Not every carbon is saturated with hydrogen.
- Liquid at room temperature.
- Plant fats, temperate oils, canola oil.
- A fat has a higher melting temperature the more saturated it is.
Phospholipids
- Two fatty acids and a phosphate group with a side chain bonded the the three hydroxyl groups of a glycerol.
- The carbon chains of the fatty acids form the hydrophobic tail, and the phosphate group forms the hydrophilic head.
- Help keep different parts of the cell separated and maintain compartments of membrane-bound structures.
Other
- Carotenoids
- Plants: color pigments that are used for photosynthesis.
- Animals: vitamin A synthesis.
- 5-C isoprene units.
- Steroids
- 4-fused Carbon rings.
- Cholesterol and growth hormones.
- Testosterone, estradiol.